Main areas of Psychology

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Main areas of Psychology
Human behaviour is very broad with many components that are affected by many variables. So as to manage to understand the content of psychology, it is divided broadly into four main areas, namely 
  1. physical
  2. cognitive
  3. emotions 
  4. environment.


Physical aspect is the body of the individual i.e. muscles, skeleton, glands and sensory systems. This implies that biological processes have influence on our behaviour e.g. hunger makes us to look for food and eat (behaviour); females can bear children while males cannot, and writing involves coordination of eyes and muscles in the arm.
The area of cognitive in psychology focuses on mental activities that include memory, thinking, problem solving and language. (You know that brain is part of the physical body, thus there is a connection between body and cognitive processes). Cognitive component is responsible for the understanding of us and the environment, which results in capabilities and behaviours that we use to manipulate environment for development.
Emotions are the feelings that we have as our reaction to an object or event. These feelings can either be pleasant or unpleasant. Pleasant feelings include being happy, falling in love, laughing; and unpleasant feelings include being angry, sad, fear and happiness. Emotions make us human (different from machines and innate objects), and colour our lives (happy in a ceremony and sad when we lose a loved one) and affect our behaviour (in form of reacting and acting on our emotions). There is a direct connection between emotions and the brain, and between emotions and the physical body.
The environment (physical environment) has effect on our behaviour in that it provides us with the necessities to survive (air, food and water), it limits or enhances our behaviours and potentials (think of learning environment). People around us (social environment) have direct influence on us for they take care of the young ones (who cannot look for food or fend off negative elements in the environment, babies cannot survive without the support of the caregivers); on the language we acquire and in shaping our behaviours through socialization processes.
These major areas of studying psychology are interrelated and do not act in isolation of the others.  For example, the environment affects us (emotionally, mentally, physiologically, socially and behaviour wise) and we also have some influence on the environment be it physical or social. When we see food we like we salivate, decide to approach the vendor, buy the food, and then enjoy while eating it. Such an act is simple and yet complex as it affects the life of the vendor, food processing, production of food and impact on the environment. These areas also indicate that psychology is also related to other disciplines such as biology, sociology, economics, education, environmental science, anthropology, medicine and geography. However, you must be aware of the boundaries between psychology and the other fields.

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